Onboard storage[edit]
| Vehicle type | Fuel used |
|---|---|
| All-petroleum vehicle (aka all-combustion vehicle) | Most use of petroleum or other fuel. |
| Regular hybrid electric vehicle | Less use of petroleum or other fuel, but unable to be plugged in. |
| Plug-in hybrid vehicle | Less use of petroleum or other fuel, residual use of electricity. |
| All-electric vehicle (BEV, AEV) | Exclusively uses electricity. |
These systems are powered from an external generator plant (nearly always when stationary), and then disconnected before motion occurs, and the electricity is stored in the vehicle until needed.
- Full Electric Vehicles (FEV).[37] Power storage methods include:
- Chemical energy stored on the vehicle in on-board batteries: Battery electric vehicle (BEV) typically with a lithium-ion battery
- Kinetic energy storage: flywheels
- Static energy stored on the vehicle in on-board electric double-layer capacitors
Batteries, electric double-layer capacitors and flywheel energy storage are forms of rechargeable on-board electricity storage systems. By avoiding an intermediate mechanical step, the energy conversion efficiency can be improved compared to hybrids by avoiding unnecessary energy conversions. Furthermore, electro-chemical batteries conversions are reversible, allowing electrical energy to be stored in chemical form.[38]
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