Data on global and regional food supply shows that consumption rose from 2011 to 2012 in all regions. Diets became more diverse, with a decrease in consumption of cereals and roots and an increase in fruits, vegetables, and meat products.[99] However, this increase masks the discrepancies between nations, where Africa, in particular, saw a decrease in food consumption over the same years.[99] This information is derived from food balance sheets that reflect national food supplies, however, this does not necessarily reflect the distribution of micro and macronutrients.[99] Often inequality in food access leaves distribution which uneven, resulting in undernourishment for some and obesity for others.[99]
Undernourishment, or hunger, according to the FAO, is dietary intake below the minimum daily energy requirement.[53] The amount of undernourishment is calculated utilizing the average amount of food available for consumption, the size of the population, the relative disparities in access to the food, and the minimum calories required for each individual.[53] According to FAO, 868 million people (12% of the global population) were undernourished in 2012.[53] This has decreased across the world since 1990, in all regions except for Africa, where undernourishment has steadily increased.[53] However, the rates of decrease are not sufficient to meet the first Millennium Development Goal of halving hunger between 1990 and 2015.[53] The global financial, economic, and food price crisis in 2008 drove many people to hunger, especially women and children. The spike in food prices prevented many people from escaping poverty, because the poor spend a larger proportion of their income on food and farmers are net consumers of food.[100] High food prices cause consumers to have less purchasing power and to substitute more-nutritious foods with low-cost alternatives.[10
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